Finite-size effects and thermodynamic accuracy in many-particle systems

Finite-size effects arise when a sample of particles is not sufficient to provide statistically satisfactory description the bulk environment physical system. As consequence, reliable estimate finite-size in many-particle systems key judge validity theoretical model or accuracy numerical simulation. In this context, we propose use theorem on free-energy cost for separating system into smaller independent subsystems [J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2017) 083201; Lett. Math. Phys. 112, 97 (2022)] relevance thermodynamic quantities from computer simulations. The aspect study that two-body potentials, as mostly occurring physics, method requires only distribution functions and particle number density. calculation involved can be done numerically three-dimensional grid. some cases even analytical estimates are possible an example uniform interacting electron gas ground state considered; derive approximating scaling law effects.